The Lahore (Pakistan) Resolution (March 23, 1940)

As 23^rd day of March is approaching, Pakistanis are warming up for another holiday to celebrate the Pakistan Day in commemoration of the historic passage of  the Lahore Resolution ( also known as the Pakistan Resolution) in 1940 by the working committee of all India Muslim league. The Lahore Resolution, actually, formulated the creation of the state of Pakistan. It is only text that was discussed and agreed by the leaders of all corners of Indian sub-continent under the leadership of Muhammad Ali Jinnah. It is the only document that can be referred as the “father document” of Pakistan.

Although the resolution being considered as the most important document in the history of Pakistan Movement (equivalent of United States Declaration of Independence), it has rarely been seen in its entirety by the people of Pakistan. Unlike US declaration of independence which gets published by many major newspapers of the US on July 4^th  every year, the Lahore Resolution has never been published on March 23^rd in any of major Pakistani newspaper. Therefore, many Pakistanis are not aware of what was actually proposed in the Lahore Resolution. Here, I am producing the text in its entirety for the people who haven’t seen it.

The Lahore Resolution

March 23, 1940 - Lahore

While approving and endorsing the action taken by the Council and the Working Committee of the All India Muslim League, as indicated in their resolutions dated the 27^th of August, 17^th & 18^th of September and 22^nd of October, 1939, and the 3rd of February, 1940 on the constitutional issue, this session of the All India Muslim League emphatically reiterates that the scheme of federation embodied in the Government of India Act 1935 is totally unsuited to, and unworkable in the peculiar conditions of this country and is altogether unacceptable to Muslim India.

It further records its emphatic view that while the declaration dated the 18^th of October, 1939 made by the Viceroy on behalf of His Majesty's Government is reassuring in so far as it declares that the policy and plan on which the Government of India Act, 1935, is based will be reconsidered in consultation with various parties, interests and communities in India, Muslims in India will not be satisfied unless the whole constitutional plan is reconsidered de novo and that no revised plan would be acceptable to Muslims unless it is framed with their approval and consent.

Resolved that it is the considered view of this Session of the All India Muslim League that no constitutional plan would be workable in this country or acceptable to the Muslims unless it is designed on the following basic principles, viz., that geographically contiguous units are demarcated into regions which should be constituted, with such territorial readjustments as may be necessary that the areas in which the Muslims are numerically in a majority as in the North Western and Eastern Zones of (British) India should be grouped to constitute ‘independent states’ in which the constituent units should be autonomous and sovereign.

That adequate, effective and mandatory safeguards should be specifically provided in the constitution for minorities in these units and in the regions for the protection of their religious, cultural, economic, political, administrative and other rights and interests in consultation with them and in other parts of India where the Muslims are in a minority adequate, effective and mandatory safeguards shall be specifically provided in the constitution for them and other minorities for the protection of their religious, cultural, economic, political, administrative and other rights and interests in consultation with them.

The Session further authorizes the Working Committee to frame a scheme of constitution in accordance with these basic principles, providing for the assumption finally by the respective regions of all powers such as defense, external affairs, communications, customs, and such other matters as may be necessary."

It is a concise but a through declaration consisting of five paragraphs. The initial two paragraphs lay out the context for what will be proposed in the later paragraphs. Paragraph three  essentially proposes the formation of “independent states” in Muslim majority areas of Indian sub-continent, and paragraph four instructs that the constitutional “safeguards” should be enacted to protect the minorities in these “regions” as well the Muslims who are a minority “in other parts of India”. Paragraph five tasks the working committee to start working on a “scheme of constitution” for all the proposed “regions”(states).

Reading the resolution in today’s circumstances, draws attention towards the two important points in the text.

First, the phrase “independent states” is used instead of “independent state” in the content. The presence of “s” with the word state in the original text becomes significant in context of 1971 secession of East Pakistan to become Bangladesh. It has been argued that the initial intention was to form many individual states in the areas where Muslims are in majority rather than single state for the Muslims of India. The fact that the resolution was presented by a Bengali nationalist, Fazal-ul-Haq, adds weight to the argument that according to the resolution East Pakistan was never supposed to be the part of Pakistan. This leads to the question that what made the founding fathers to change their mind from asking for “independent states” to ending up with one state? How the debate of “Sovereignty First,  Then, Perhaps, Confederacy” or  “Confederacy First,  Then, Perhaps, Sovereignty” finally settled with the latter. I am in middle of reading various articles addressing this issue, and once done, I will write a complete post on the argument.

Second, mandating the “safeguards” to be enacted to protect the minorities in the “regions” that later will become Pakistan and presence of a whole paragraph in a very short document addressing the issue of minority rights shows that how concerned the founding fathers were about the subject. Has enough been done to achieve what the founding fathers wanted for the minorities living in Pakistan?

But what strike most is the democratic and the revolutionary nature of the resolution. The resolution came after thrashing of the Muslim League in 1937 elections where it only won few seats (3 out of 33 seats reserved for Muslims in Sindh, 2 out of 84 seats in Punjab, 39 out of 117 seats in Bengal and none in NWFP) and within 6 years of time  it changed the whole scenario with the overwhelming success of Muslim League in 1946 elections (425 out of 496 seats reserved for Muslims) which the League ran on the platform of  creating a state of Pakistan. The momentum generated by the passage of the Lahore Resolution actually allowed the Muslims to build a huge support and rally the Muslims of the sub-continent for the demand of  independent state of Pakistan.

To conclude this up, the text of the resolution should be printed in its entirety more often ( especially in school textbooks) so that every Pakistani should know what actually was proposed on March 23^rd,1940 and how important  the resolution was in the making of Pakistan.

Nadeem Farooq paracha Has Gone Nuts

Yes, its official now. Nadeem Farooq Paracha has gone nuts. After drum rolling same shit in each one of his pieces of utter stupidity, the guy has finally decided to open his mouth with absolute uselessness about the religiosity of Pakistan Cricket Team which has just finished getting hammered by Aussies. This time, in his emblematic style of arguing like a spoil child of a careless mother, he is saying that Pakistanis surrendered against Australia because they are busy in preaching religion rather than concentrating on the game. Yeah, its creepy, I know that. What makes his already unsound argument even more flawed is the fact that he is not even quoting the historical context correctly.

Here is a gem from our crying and frustrated baby:

“So when did the Pakistan cricket team become a propaganda and preaching platform for the Tableeghi Jamaat? Writers like the late Khalid Hassan and Amir Mir point to the year 1999, when Wasim Akram quit as captain and was replaced by Waqar Yunus.”

Get over dude, stop writing wrong facts. Also, get the writers you are mentioning right about the particulars; i know one is already dead.Waqar Younis took over captaincy in 2001, not in 1999. Wasim Akram was replaced by Moin Khan as a captain and that was in 2000 as well, not in 1999.

Here’s another:

“However, even though the team’s 2002 World Cup jamboree in South Africa was a disaster, Mushtaq and Anwar hung around as preachers and were successful in bagging flamboyant batsman, Inzimamul Haq.”

Again, the World Cup was in 2003 not in 2002. Even a child could tell the original year, but a columnist of Pakistan’s major English language daily newspaper cannot. And, by the way, how many matched Anwar and Mushtaq played after 2003 World Cup. As far as I remember, Anwar was not seen in any role with the national team after 2003 debacle in South Africa.

The talk of religion being the reason of Pakistan’s disastrous performance on cricket field is a cliché now. It cannot be regarded as reason of dismal show on the ground. Let’s extend the argument of our howling columnist: as long as players are performing on the field, whether they go to night clubs ,bars or preach the religion, it’s their personal business, and it should not bother any person.

So Mr. Conservative Liberal, again, get over and grow up. Let the players do what they wanted to do as long as it’s not affecting their professional responsibilities. And comment on anything but cricket because you don’t know a fuck about the subject.

The Danda Youth of Pakistan

This group of young people usually come from urban middle class backgrounds. Their parents are rich enough to send them to private English medium schools, and when they are done with their A-levels, they try to get a student visa of some European country or US; if they remain unsuccessful in getting a student Visa, they go to some top notch private university of Pakistan. They love to go to Shesha bars of the city in the evening or if this luxury is inaccessible, they, in case of being a male creature, just love to go to some posh area of the city to have some "poondi". They are very happy of the fact that now Pakistani cinemas can play Bollywood movies. They are pissed of the fact that now there are less concerts to attend and those few concerts that are left have very expensive tickets. They remember the old times when their Danda Man was in power and Bryan Adams performed “Summer of 69” in Karachi.

They think there is a lot of corruption in Pakistan. Wherever they go, they find people with their mouths open asking for some “mithai” for the jobs like to get their electricity meter fixed or to get their domicile made which is needed if they want to attend public medical or engineering school . They recognize that “mithai” is bad for health, and they also know that if they would give “mithai” to the official with open mouth, he or she would get addict. But they say that as long as we are the one who are giving this “mithai” and the officials are the people who are getting this “mithai”, this is just fine. They believe that they should get the easy way out by offering this “mithai” because the fair way is difficult time taking. The remember the old times when Danda was in the power and amount of “mithai” required to get a job done was less than it is today. Like, before, because of the Danda one kilogram of pure “Gulabjamuns” were enough to get their electricity meter fixed; now, it takes no less than two and half kilogram of pure “Gulabjamuns” to get their shit done. They want somebody to bring the old Danda again, but they are not willing to use the difficult and the right way; they only way they want is the easy way. They say that this is what their fathers did, and this is what they will do.


They think that the country is going through worst of its times. They hate the politicians. They believe that they are only good for corruption and nothing else. They say that they didn’t casted their vote because everyone is a “Kamina, Saala, Corrupt” and they are the poor souls who can only offer “mithai” to those who want it. They think that they can't do anything about the current state of their country because those in power are so powerful that they are just unable to do anything about that. Whenever you start discussion about the current affairs of the State with them, they stand up and in a loud growling voice, they say “ is mulk ka Kuch nahi hu sakta” ( nothing can be done of this country). They say the “Danda Man” kept everything in order. So what, if he allowed his allies to write-off the loans they had taken. At least, they didn’t build a “Surrey Palace” with that money; in fact, they started sugar mills as we all know that we need a lot of sugar for export, rather than for use at home.

They say that there were suicide bombings in the country on weekly basis during the Danda Raj. Now, they occur on daily basis. They ask the current Raj to do something about it and forget that the seeds of this problem were sown a long ago.


They say that all this “Democracy Shemocracy” is bullshit. They only want a Danda Man because they are horses tied to a carriage and you can’t drive a carriage without a Man with Danda.

On serious note: Alas! There are people in this “Land of Pure” who think they need a Danda.

Don't Remove Zardari, Vote Him Out

I never thought that a day would come when I will write some words of support for person called Asif Ali Zardari. Those who know me well are well aware of the fact that I am a worst critic of Pakistan People’s party and despise Mr. Zardari more than anyone else in the Party. In spite of  all this I am compelled to say that Zardari should remain the President of Pakistan and should complete his whole term. I am saying this because I don’t want to see the democratic process in Pakistan to be derailed.

Zardari is no good a President. He has committed horrible mistakes. From the issue of restoration of Judiciary to the recent subject of NRO , everything he has done  is nothing but a series of blunders. He could have gained the credit of restoration of judges if he would have done that in a timely manner. He could have avoid the idiocy of imposing Governor Rule in Punjab. He could also have retained his remaining presidential legitimacy by burning the issue of NRO before it became the hot topic for the press and the opposition. He didn’t do any of it. In addition to that he made a team of advisors that is as incompetent as Zardari himself; therefore, everybody in the government committed mistakes after mistakes. The result of all this  was pretty much expected: voices from every corner to get this man removed from the presidency.

If Pakistan were a stable democracy I would be the first person to second the voices for his removal. But given the fact the democracy is nascent in Pakistan, we can’t give it a blow by removing the president without completing the whole term. Pakistan had a stint of elected governments in late eighties and the whole nineties. During all that time the system was jolted again and again by premature removals of governments for different reasons. We can’t let that happen again.

It was us who put Zardari in power by voting for his party. And it should be only us to take him out of presidency by voting him and his party out in the next election. This should be the only way to get rid of Zardari. This is the only way we can let the seed of democracy grow in this country. The consequences of five years of Zardari in power will be harsh and unforgiving, but we have to sacrifice and live with Zardari for next five years for the sake of our long term benefit.

For Zardari, I believe, it’s still not all over. He can regain, to some extent, his lost legitimacy by giving up the presidential powers provided by the infamous 58-2-B,  and letting the government work from the parliament and through the executive instead of ruling while sitting in the presidency.  Therefore, his all attention should be focused on getting through the constitutional amendment as soon as possible. It’s up to Zardari now that how he wants to be remembered in the history…

Photo Credit: Reuters/File Photo, Retrieved from http://.dawn.com 

A Schoolgirl's Odyssey: An NY Times Documentry by Adam Ellick

Commenting on a latest Frontline documentary, Stephan Walt, asserted following lines: “One should watch most documentaries with a skeptical eye, because skilled filmmakers can easily slant the story by omitting any footage that doesn't fit the impression they are trying to leave and by shaping the story in ways that reinforce a particular conclusion.” I also had similar thoughts when I watched NY Times correspondent Adam Ellick’s recent short documentary about Post offensive Swat titled as “ A Schoolgirl’s Odyssey”. The video report has been critically acclaimed in Pakistani blogosphere as Kalsoom at Changing Up Pakistan wrote a post on it. In the comments section of the post, the movie is labeled as a “great piece of journalism”. On contrary, I believe it can’t be called “a great piece journalism” because Ellick is not presenting it without any intention to “reinforce a particular conclusion”

The Journey of Malala, the twelve year old girl from Mingora,Swat , from her home to her life as an IDP living at different places and back to her home after three months, is perplexing. I fell in love with her courageous attitude when she narrates that she has changed her dream from becoming a doctor to becoming a politician because she wants to fight the crisis in her country. Few moments later, I was bewildered when she said that “she is shameful” of Pakistani Army because Army used her school as a “Bunker” while fighting a war. Following that, Malala, further goes on to confusing the viewer by iterating that “Taliban destroyed us” while pointing towards a hole created in the wall because of the bullets fired through it, after reading the statement “welcome to Pakistan” written on the wall, supposedly, by the Army. After watching this I can say with certainty that there is an attempt to convey a particular message about Pakistan army by the filmmaker. The girl who was optimistic and wanted to be a politician with an aim in mind to bring reforms to this country full of problems cannot be ignorant of the fact that she has to sacrifice something to get her Swat and her School back from the miscreants. It is only because of the Army and the fact that they used her house as a military post that she is back to her school again and her school will be functional soon. Ellick manipulated the thoughts of the girl to make a point against Pakistan Army.

My point is further supported by another manipulation in the movie when Urdu text of a letter supposedly from Pakistan Army left for Ziauddin, Malala’s father, was read inaccurately in English “We have lost many dear and precious lives because of the negligence of Swati people”, says Ziauddin while reading the letter. On the other hand, those who can read Urdu from the shown letter content itself can tell that he is not speaking what is written there in the letter. I can’t translate the whole letter here, but the letter does not uses any such words that it is because of the people of Swat that the Army has lost these many lives.

In short, Mr. Ellick is trying to leave a specific impression by this documentary which is contradictory to many facts on the ground.

We Are Here to Stay

Last year on 14^th August most people in Swat didn’t put National Flags on their houses. A dictator was still sitting in the presidency. Chief Justice was ousted; the judiciary was neither active nor free. Even our cricket was going through its darkest days.

This year on 14^th August Swatis are celebrating the independence day and flags can be seen on the houses of the people who, few days ago, were in different IDP Camps. There is a big celebratory function in Saidusharif with all the music and festivity; this was impossible when Talibans were there but now they are on the run. I am not saying Swat is back to normal, but, at least, it’s back in the hands of Pakistanis. The fact that Swat is back has established that when our Army seriously puts an effort, it succeeds. And for this, Army deserves all the tribute.

The retired general, dictator, traitor is also on the run. Although he left the presidency with guard of honor, judgment of 31^st July against his act of cowardice has made it difficult for him to keep running as article 6 of the constitution will soon the activated against him. For the first time, there is a chance that a constitution breaker will face the music.

Chief Justice, the real Chief Justice is back in the court after a historic struggle which gives the hope to the nation that together they can achieve anything. Judicial activism has returned, with Supreme Court that is free and to which people of this land are looking with a lot of expectations.

Our Cricket Team has won the world championship in, at least, T20 form of the game, and look good enough to defend the title under the new captain.

All these events has given the gloomy nation a lot to cheer and think about.

All these events are telling us there is a lot of improvement at many fronts in Pakistan.

All these events tell us there is every reason to celebrate this Independence day with all the fervor and spirit.

But This independence day should be celebrated with a strong intent that we, the Pakistanis, will also solve all the reaming problems. And for this we will work hard and fulfill all the National Duties. Let's Rise and work like our Forefathers worked under the leadership of Jinnah and got this Gift of the "Land of Pure" for us. It's Time to get it where it is supposed to be.

To sum it up ,as Ayaz Amir says in his latest article:

“One thing we can't seem to get into our heads: Pakistan is bigger and more enduring than the sum of its military or political leaders. It is bigger than its dictators, bigger than its political failures. Our political and military scumbags will ...come and go but the Himalayas will always be there as will the Arabian Sea and all the land in between”.

Happy Independence Day & Pakistan Zindabad!

The Student Visa Abuse: Legtimate Students Are the Losers

Today, the Dawn featured an article concerning the abuse of student visa issued by British Government to Pakistani students. Dawn reports:

“Many Pakistani youngsters in search of greener pastures and who can afford it, use the UK’s student visa facility to purchase permanent passage to Britain.”

The questions arise here are that: what instigates these Pakistani youngsters to look for the “greener pastures” in UK by seeking a permanent passage into Britain, and what makes it possible for these students to be successful in their mission of seeking a permanent residency in UK?

As the response to the former question involves an analysis of many ground realities of the educational and socio-economical scenario in Pakistan, and I will address these issues in detail in my upcoming posts regarding the higher education in Pakistan; therefore, today, I will keep my post limited to answer the latter question.

I strongly believe the perpetrator of this student visa abuse is British Government itself. First, by following a blind visa policy witout any system of student tracking. Second, by letting a long list of bogus educational institutes to function in UK and by letting them invite hundreds of students, not only from Pakistan, but also from many other countries to United Kingdom in return of few thousand Pounds.

In 2003,United States implemented a new system called International Student and Exchange Visitor Program also known as SEVIS to track the students on F1 (Student) visa in United States. The system is excellent and almost foolproof. It is almost impossible for an International student in US to drop out from the university and start working illegally. I am telling this as a result of my personal experience as I, myslef, is an International student in US. On Contrary to that in UK we do not see any such program implemented to track the whereabouts of international student in Britain. This really makes easy for a student to drop out from the school after the first year and start looking for a job as a passage to permanent residency in UK.

In UK we also see hundreds of spurious institutions running whose representatives travel across many developing countries to recruit students. These institutions usually work with some agents in the countries of recruitment. The recruiters and the agents show the students that after getting the student visa, dropping out of school and finding a job is an easy thing to do, and all they have to pay is the first year of tuition. As a result many students from countries like Pakistan go to UK thinking that after the first year they will leave the college and will work to earn a good living.


The running of these institution without any system of check & balance and absence of any tracking system for international students have played a big role in the abuse of student visa system, and the biggest losers are the legitimate students who, very often, are robbed by these bogus institutions and also denied the student visas because somebody else has misused the system.

As the dawn reported:

“Only recently have British colleges been told to register with the UK Border Agency.Last month the Agency turned down 460 of the 2,100 colleges which had applied for licences to admit international students, because they were bogus establishments sponsoring students as part of an immigration
scam.”

More such steps are needed by British Government to stop this abuse of the system so that the legitimate candidates can have the opportunity to study in the educational system of the United Kingdom.